1. Antivirus Software:
   • Functionality: Protects against malicious software (malware) such as viruses, worms, and Trojans.
   • Key Features: Real-time scanning, heuristic analysis, and signature-based detection.
2. Firewall Software:
   • Functionality: Monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
   • Key Features: Packet filtering, stateful inspection, and proxy services.
3. Anti-malware Software:
   • Functionality: Covers a broader range of malicious software, including spyware, adware, and ransomware.
   • Key Features: Real-time protection, behavior analysis, and removal of malicious code.
4. Endpoint Protection:
   • Functionality: Secures individual devices (endpoints) such as computers, laptops, and mobile devices.
   • Key Features: Antivirus, anti-malware, firewall, and device control.
5. Encryption Software:
   • Functionality: Encrypts data to protect it from unauthorized access, ensuring confidentiality.
   • Key Features: Full disk encryption, file and folder encryption, and secure communication protocols.
6. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS):
   • Functionality: Monitors network or system activities for malicious actions or security policy violations.
   • Key Features: Signature-based detection, anomaly detection, and real-time alerts.
7. Virtual Private Network (VPN) Software:
   • Functionality: Establishes a secure and encrypted connection over the internet, enhancing privacy and security.
   • Key Features: Tunneling protocols, encryption algorithms, and secure access to remote networks.
8. Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) Software:
   • Functionality: Aggregates and analyzes log data to identify and respond to security incidents.
   • Key Features: Log management, real-time event correlation, and incident response capabilities.
9. Authentication and Identity Management:
   • Functionality: Ensures that only authorized individuals or systems can access resources.
   • Key Features: Multi-factor authentication, single sign-on, and identity federation.
10. Patch Management Software:
    • Functionality: Manages the deployment of software updates and patches to eliminate vulnerabilities.
    • Key Features: Automated patching, vulnerability assessment, and compliance monitoring.
11. Security Awareness Training Software:
    • Functionality: Educates users about cybersecurity best practices to reduce the risk of social engineering attacks.
    • Key Features: Phishing simulations, interactive training modules, and progress tracking.
12. Data Loss Prevention (DLP) Software:
    • Functionality: Monitors, detects, and prevents unauthorized access or transmission of sensitive data.
    • Key Features: Content discovery, policy enforcement, and encryption of sensitive information.

It’s important for organizations to adopt a layered approach to cybersecurity, combining multiple security solutions to create a robust defense against evolving cyber threats. Regular updates, employee training, and proactive monitoring are also essential components of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy.